PKN PRINCIPLES OF CITIZENSHIP

1. Indonesian CitizenshipWhat is meant by citizenship Indonesia under Law 12 of 2006 on Citizenship is as follows:a. Every person who under the laws of two / or by agreement with the Government of Indonesia other countries before this Act applies is already a citizen.b. Children born of the legitimate marriage of a father and mother WNI.c. Children born of the legitimate marriage of a citizen father and mother foreigners.d. Children born of the legitimate marriage of a father and mother citizen foreigners.e. Children born of the legitimate marriage of a citizen mother, but his father did not have legal citizenship or country of origin of his father did not give citizenship to the child.f. A child born within 300 days after his father died of a legitimate marriage and his father WNI.g. Children born outside of legal marriage of a citizen mother.h. Children born out of wedlock to a mother who sh foreigners as his son and the confession made before the child is aged 18 years or unmarried.i. Children born in the territory of the Republic of Indonesia which was not apparent at birth citizenship ststus father and mother.j. Bearu born child found in the territory of the Republic of Indonesia for the father and mother are unknown.k. Children born in the territory of the Republic of Indonesia when his mother and father have no nationality or whereabouts are unknown.l. Children born outside the territory of the Republic of Indonesia of a father and mother citizen who because of the provisions of the local state child born to give citizenship kepadas child.m. The son of a father and mother who were granted citizenship petition, then his father and mother died before stated jannji oath and faithful.
2. Principle of CitizenshipThe principle of citizenship is daklam thinking to determine whether or not someone come in and become a member / citizen of a country.Adapaun principles adopted in Act 12 of 2006 are as follows:
a. The principle of Ius Soli (Low of the Soli)Is a principle that determines a person's nationality by country of birth.b. The principle of Ius Sanguine (Law of The Blood)Is the determination of citizenship by descent / consanguinity. That is the determination of citizenship based on nationality of the parents and not by country of birth.c. Principle of Single CitizenshipIt is the principle that determines the nationality of every person.d. Principle of Limited Dual CitizenshipIs the determining principle of dual citizenship for children according gengan provisions stipulated in this law.
3. Principle of Citizenship OtherIn addition to the above principles, some principles are also a basis for the preparation UndanUndang Citizenship RIa. The principle of national interests having second principle which determines the citizenship rules mengutamanakn Indonesia's national interests, determined to defend the sovereignty of a unitary state that has ideals.b. The principle of maximum protection is the principle that the government arrives determine shall provide full protection to every citizen of Indonesia under any circumstances both within and outside the country.c. The principle of equality before the law and the government is a principle which determines that every Indonesian citizen gets the same treatment in law and government.d. The principle of substantive truth is someone naturalization procedure not only administrative, but jiga substance and terms of applications can be accounted for righteousness.e. The principle is a principle that is not nondiskriminatif membedakanperlakuan in everything related to the early citizens on the basis of ethnicity, race, religion, class, sex and gender.f. The principle of recognition and respect for human rights is the same principle in all matters relating to the early citizens must ensure, protect and honor human rights.g. The principle of publicity is the principle that determines that a person acquiring or losing citizenship RI RI announced in the State so that people know.
4. Citizenship Law in IndonesiaSome legislation on citizenship of Indonesia after Indonesia's independence as follows:a. Article 26 of the 1945 Constitutionb. Act 3 of 1946c. The results of the approval of the Round Table Conferenced. Act No.62 of 1958e. Act 3 of 1976f. RI Act 12 of 2006
5. How to obtain citizenshipUnder Act 12 of 2006 has been mentioned several ways to obtain Indonesian citizenship in rimgkas.a. Meet the requirements of naturalization RI.b. Applicants applying for naturalization is written in Indonesian language with sufficient stamp duty to the President through the Minister presented to the officials.c. The applicant shall submit documents or immigration papers in her name to the immigration office within 14 days after the statement swearing or jamji faithful.d. Minister announced the names of people who have acquired citizenship in the News Negar RI.e. Further provisions on the procedure caara filed and obtained citizenship of Indonesia Government Regulation.
6. Loss of Citizenship RIUnder Act 12 of 2006 one Indonesian citizen will lose his citizenship if it fulfills the following:a. Choosing another citizenship on his own.b. Do not resist and did not release another citizenship, while the persons concerned have the opportunity for it.c. Log in foreign military service without permission president.d. Voluntarily entered the foreign service.e. Participate in the selection of something that is constituti

PKN MATERIALS CLASS XI POLITICAL CULTURE

POLITICAL CULTURE
1. Definition
According to Almond and Verba, The Civic Culture in his book (the political culture of citizenship) states that'' political culture is an individual's attitude toward the political system and its components are also individual attitudes towards the role that can be played in a system politik.Kemudian Lary Diamond, experts pursue politics on the development of research on political culture seebagai keyakian, attitudes, values, ideas, sentiments and allocated evluasi a society of national political systems and the role of each individual in the system itu.Atau practical, political culture is a set of values -values ​​that are the foundation of the actors to perform actions in the political sphere.

2. Politics as cultural objects Politics
• political system
The political system: defined as actions related to'''' binding decisions of a political system masyarakat.Unit is politik.Input actions in the form of demand and support to enter politik.Output system in the form of decisions and actions politik.Jika memuasakan generate support for, and if it should be spawned new tuntuan.
• The political system as an object of political culture
by David Easton, given as a set of interaction terms diabstrakkan, where the values ​​allocated to masyarakat.Dengan other words, the political system is part of a social system that is running the allocation of values ​​(in the form of decisions or policies) that is otoratif.Untuk illustrate the workings of the political system (David Easton) (refer to diagram 1)

Political System Diagram

demand
input output decision
support and action

Linkage with the political culture and political systems olehAlmond Powell that political culture is a psychological dimension'' of the political system''.

3. Component of political culture
1. cognitive
includes knowledge / understanding and individual beliefs about the political system and its attributes, such as the state capital, coat of arms, heads of state, national borders, the currency used, elections / elections, political parties, parliament function / parliaments, political parties etc.
2. affective nature: concerns feelings or emotional bond that is owned by an individual against the system politikcontoh: feeling of optimism that direct Pemikada dpat obtain a more qualified head and closer to the people
3. evaluative: mengkut individual capacity in order to provide an assessment of the political system and ongoing bagimana indivu role in dalamnya.contoh: a commitment to support the implementation of direct Pimiluka sesaui with rules

4. political cultural values
political system adopted by a country can sederna digonngkan into the political system of democracy and authoritarian political system, the political culture it can be democratic and authoritarian.

The values ​​of a democratic political culture values ​​authoritarian political culture
Egalitarian
Pluralism
Open
Dialogic
Persuasive
Election
Feudal high independence
Homogeneous
Closed
Dogmatic
Repressive
Appointment
High Dependency

II. TYPES OF POLITICAL CULTURE
a. parochial political culture
That individuals have a low expectation and concern of the government and the general public do not feel that type terlibat.Sehingga parochial political culture can also be said to have traits such as not having orentasi or any view at all either knowledge (cognitive), attitudes (affective ) and assessment (evaluation) to the object of politics (political system).
b.budaya political subjects
political culture of the community are subject jikasuatu orintasi a high frequency of the political system in general knowledge and understanding of the object output or strengthening policies made by the government.
Political c.budaya participants
orientation of all political objects as a whole (input, output), and to yourself as a political actor, he is active as well as provide feedback or to actively influence public policy (input) is also involved in the implementation or execution of public policy (output)

POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS BY TYPE CULTURE GREERT

Political a.budaya abangan
abangan political culture is the political culture that emphasizes community aspects of animism or belief in the existence of spirits that can affect the lives manusia.Semacam PKI and PNI
b. political culture students
students of political culture is a culture that emphasizes the religious aspects especially religious Islam.Pada past, kelompoksantri tend berafiasai at NU party, or Masyumi.Kini, they berafialiasi at parties like PKS, PKB, PPP and other Islam-based parties.
Political c.budaya priyayi
priyayi political culture is the political culture that emphasizes virtue tradisi.Kelompok priyayi often contrasted with past petani.Pada groups, community groups affiliated with the party PNI.Kini gentry, those affiliated with Golkar party.

TYPE ARE DEVELOPING CULTURAL POLITICS IN INDONESIA
1. before the formation of the state of RI is kedualatan people
Bung Hatta shows pijkakan democratic culture is actually no stranger to the people of Indonesia, kerna contains three main properties, meeting goals, ideals of mass protests, the ideals of mutual help has been known in the old democracy in our country.
While Kuntowijoyo (1999) there are 2 menatakan heritage of the nation's political culture that is affirmative (pengukuh kekeuasaan) which is a feudalistic political tradition BU (MIND UTOMO) and critical political culture (supervisor against kekusaan) as a democratic political tradition SI (Islamic States).
Tensions between political culture and cultural feudalistic demokNGKrasi visible from Soetatmo and dr.Tjipto Mangungkusumo opinion.
Soetatmo: look in terms of culture, the culture of Java since the days of the national movement has dominated.
Dr.Tjipto Mangukusumo: in terms of the political ideal of a pluralistic society that is more appropriate Indonesia as a unitary state developed a high menunung kemajemukan.Negara a high menunjung kememukan is a democratic country.
Thus, although the Indonesian people before kemedekaan has the potential democratic political culture or political culture of the participants, but also still a strong understanding dibarangi feodalisme.Berkembang kauala can host and promote a culture of parochial type of society because they are grouped on the'' big'' wong ' 'wong Cilek''. Solidarity powerful groups can encourage the growing political role was limited to the connective-oriented groups.
2. after Indonesian independence
 guided democracy in the political culture was largely feudalisticØ culture where the concept of the state igralistik (one unit) with the conception of the president, with slogam that all members of the family had to eat at the table and working at a desk to encourage the establishment of cooperation culvert cabinet, which consists of representing all major parties and schools of thought nasioalis, Islam, Communism.
 This condition continued in the new order in which the presidency isØ dominant even sacred impression of critics and people control
 In the order of the reform, with the amendment of the 1945Ø Constitution states that institutional pemgembangan tertama developed only between the executive with the legislature in the same position kuat.Kembagaan countries to support democracy and the rule of law is also developing rapidly nowadays known kit: MK, KY, Komnas HAM, KPK, OMBUSMAN.

III. UNDERSTANDING THE CULTURAL POLITICS AND DEVELOPMENT SOSILISASI
Definition
 Gabriel A. Almondl
Political socialization suggests the process by which political attitudes and patterns of political behavior is acquired or created, and is also a means for a generation to deliver milestones politics and political beliefs to the next generation.
 David F. Aberle, in "Culture and Socialization"l
Political socialization is the patterns of social action, or aspects of behavior, which instill in individuals the skills (including science), motives and attitudes that need to display the current roles or middle anticipated (and ongoing) over the life of a normal human being, as far as new roles will still have to be studied.
 Richard E. Dawson et al.l
Political socialization can be viewed as a succession of knowledge, values ​​and political views of parents, teachers, and the means to disseminate other new citizens and those who reach adulthood.

SOCIALIZATION POLITICAL PROCESS
 authority through specific individual, such as the child's parents, the president and the police.oIntroduction
 distinction between internal and external authority, ie between private and government officials.oDevelopment
 The introduction of the political institutions are impersonal, likeo congress (parliament), the supreme court, and voting (election).
 distinction between political institutions and those engaged in activities associated with these institutionsoDevelopment

MEANS OF POLITICAL SOCIALIZATION
 Family§
 School§
 Political Party§
 Group associate§
 Media§
 Perkejaan§
 direct political contacts§

In the process of political socialization, on the same footing means pentingya.Besar least sanarana role-means above depends on:
1. intensity level of interaction among individuals with existing facilities
2. communication process that takes place between individuals by means of earlier
3. penekunan level individuals who undergo a process of political socialization
4. age of the individuals concerned

Importance Sosilisasi Pengemngan Political Culture
Political culture in society should have evolved towards more is good.TO it takes a strategy in the political culture of the community to be able to walk k earah better.
Samuel Meneurut P.HUNTINTNGTON, the modernization of the political culture is characterized by three things, namely rasionalsisasi wewnang, difernsiasi structure and expansion of public participation in politics.
1. political attitudes are rational and autonomous within the community
the attitude of the community is no longer an option to choose a political choice based on what is selected by the leader or leaders of both religions pemimmpin adat.masyarakat vote because election itself based assessment for future baik.ia no longer choose the style in the style of choice being bandwagon.
2. difensiasi structure
that is to say, there are tasks that need specification dilakukan.Dalam this situation, a person no longer do all the things, for example, as well as religious leaders and politik.Bila two tasks were together in one person or institution, means differentiation has not occurred in the structure it. In the modern political culture, is precisely semekin clear differentiation.
3. expansion of political participation in society
people more aware or literate politik.Mereka realize that the political choices they make will determine their fate in the future.
When all three indicators of political culture has grown in the community then the political culture of a democratic find esensinya.Menurut Almond and Verba, democratic political culture is a combination of the political culture of participants, subjects, and parochial.

POLITICAL CULTURE IN OTHER COUNTRIES
In The Civic Culture, Almond and Verba argued cross-national survey (cross-national) about the political culture. Their research concludes that ¬ each of the five countries examined, the United States, Britain, Germany, Italy, and Mexico, has its own political culture.
 America and Britain in general characterized by the acceptance of theü political system, by a level of political participation is quite high and by a widespread feeling among the respondents that they can influence events up to a certain extent.
 greater pressure is put the Americans on the issue of participation,ü
 while the UK showed a greater respect for their government. The political culture ofü
 Germany is characterized by a degree of attitude that is not affectedü by the system and a more passive attitude towards participation. Nevertheless, the respondents felt able to influence these events.
 While in Mexico is a form of a mixture of acceptance of political theory and the alienation of the substance.ü

VI. MEMAMPILKAN PARTICIPANT ROLE OF CULTURE

citizen participant political culture digmbarkan by Gabreal and Almond as a form of culture in which members of the public tend diorentasikan explicitly to the system as a whole, the structure and the political process and admistratif, in other words to
input and utput of the political system. Miraculous properties considered essential to realize the democratic personality, among others:
According to Laswell democratic personality include:
a. warm attitude towards others
b. accept values ​​with others
c. has extensive sederatan about values
d. put environmental kepercayaerhadap
e. have the liberty which is relative anxiety
Therefore, the properties of which will be an obstacle to the realization of democratic citizenship should be avoided. The properties include:
1. conservative: it is an attitude that leads to the formation of a closed stance and attitude of extreme
2. Authoritarian: kebribadian should be avoided as contrary to democratic kebribadian contih: their opinions easily shaped by sentiment
3. subject political culture: the form of the pengkuan and obedience to the government without the involvement of government affairs should be avoided as a subject pasif.Padahal hanyaa the expected public / democratic state is the subject of active
4. berbudya parochial politics: No matter trhadap political system
5. stone sponge citizen and citizen
stone citizen: the tough merima opinions of others and his own hard mengemukkan
citezen including foam sponge group, where he was willing to accept the opinions of lainn, he actively participates, but it is difficult mengemukkan idea, an opinion on its own isiaitif (Nu'man Somantri)

RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF THE INDONESIA

RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF CITIZENS WITH INDONESIA Constitution 45

According to Prof. Dr. Notonagoro:

The right is the power to accept or perform a proper received or made solely by certain parties and not by any other party which in principle can be prosecuted by force by her ..

Rights and Responsibilities is something that can not be separated, but there is a contradiction because the rights and obligations of balance. That every citizen has the right and obligation to earn a decent living, but in fact many citizens who do not feel well-being to live a life. All this happened because the government and high officials prioritize more rights than obligations. Though being an official is not enough to just have a rank but they are obliged to think for myself. If the situation is like this, then there is no balance between rights and obligations. If the balance is not there will be a persistent social inequalities.

To achieve a balance between rights and obligations, that is by knowing the position of ourselves. As a citizen should know their rights and obligations. An official or government should know their rights and obligations. As already stated in the law and the rules and regulations. If the rights and obligations of a balanced and fulfilled, then it would be safe prosperous society. Rights and obligations in Indonesia will never be balanced. If people do not move to change it. Because officials will never change, even though many people suffer because of this. They are more concerned with how to get the material rather than thinking of the people, until now there are many people who do not get their due. Therefore, we as citizens of a democratic country should wake up from your dream and turn this bad for your rights and do not forget to perform our duty as people of Indonesia.

As stipulated in the 1945 Constitution, in Article 28, which stipulates that the rights of citizens and residents of association and assembly, of expression orally and in writing, and so on, the terms shall be governed by law. This article reflects that the state is democratic Indonesia. In and government officials to prepare for the equivalent of our lives. Indonesia should uphold this nation to a better life and move forward. That is the exercise rights and obligations in balance. By considering the small peoples who have a less caring and not getting their rights.

RIGHTS AND CITIZENSHIP KEWAAJIBAN:

1. Being a Citizen Relations with the State of Being relations of citizens and the state is generally a role (role).

2. Rights and Duties of Citizens Indonesia Indonesian citizen rights obligations contained in article 27 to article 34 of the 1945 Constitution.

Indonesian Citizens Rights:

- The right to employment and decent living: "Every citizen has the right to

employment and decent living for humanity "(Article 27 paragraph 2).

- The right to life and sustain life: "Every person has the right to live and to defend life and living." (Article 28A).

- The right to form a family and continue the descent through a legal marriage (Article 28B paragraph 1).

- The right to survival. "Every child has the right to live, to grow, and Growing"

- The right to develop themselves and through the fulfillment of their basic needs and is entitled to education, science and technology, art and culture for

improve the quality of life for the welfare of human life. (Article 28C Paragraph 1)

- Right to advance himself in the fight for their rights collectively to build the community, nation, and state. (Article 28C Paragraph 2).

- The right to recognition, security, protection, legal certainty and a fair and

equal treatment before the law. (Article 28D paragraph 1).

- The right to have a private property right to life, freedom from torture, freedom of thought and conscience, freedom of religion, freedom from enslavement,

right to recognition as a person before the law, and the right not to be prosecuted on the basis of a retroactive law is a human right that can not be reduced under any circumstances. (Article 28I Paragraph 1).

Indonesian citizen obligations:

- Obligation to obey the law and government. Article 27 paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution reads:

all citizens shall be equal before the law and the government

and obliged to uphold the law and the government, without exception.

- Mandatory participation in the defense effort. Article 27 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution

states: every citizen has the right and duty to participate in the effort

defense of the country ".

- Obligation to respect human rights of others. Article 28J Paragraph 1 says:

Everyone is obliged to respect of human rights of others

- Mandatory subject to restrictions established by law. Article 28J Paragraph 2 states: "In exercising their rights and freedoms, everyone shall be subject to the restrictions established by law for the purpose of securing due recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others to meet the demands that are appropriate to the moral considerations, value- religious values, security and public order in a democratic society. "

- Mandatory participation in the defense and security of the country. Article 30 paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution. states: "every citizen has the right and duty to participate in the defense and security of the country."

Rights and Responsibilities has been included in the 1945 Constitution, article 26, 27, 28, and 30, namely:

1. Article 26, paragraph (1), the citizens are the ones native of Indonesia and the people of other nations who passed the law as citizens. And in paragraph (2), regarding citizenship requirements set by law.

2. Article 27, paragraph (1), together with all citizens equal before the

law and government, are obliged to uphold the law and government. In subsection (2), taip every citizen has the right to employment and decent living for humanity.

3. Article 28, freedom of association and assembly, of expression orally, and so defined by law.

4. Article 30, paragraph (1), the rights and obligations of citizens to participate in the defense of the country. And subsection (2) states further adjustment is set by law.

sports basketball

Basic Techniques of Basketball Games

History

The game of basketball invented by James A. Naismith in 1891 at the YMCA (Young Man's Christian Association) of Massachusetts, United States. First basketball game is very simple and is done to fill the void breaks U.S. soldiers.
The game of basketball was brought to Indonesia by the Dutch who named Tonny When Dai Wimlatumenten 1948.

Basic Techniques of Basketball Games

1. Techniques Drible (Herding Ball) drible basic technique include: - high Drible, conducted with the aim to dribble while walking or running, done while away from the opponent and immediately entered into the opponent's defense. - Drible low, carried out in order to avoid opponents who want to steal the ball, done quickly to find loopholes in order to break through the opponent's defense.

 2. Passing Basic Techniques (operands)
a. Chest Pass is a pass that starts from the front of the chest, are directed straight to the front of the chest fella this is done if the operand is an open space with no obstructions opponent.

b. Bounce Pass is a pass that is done by bouncing the ball into the ground before being arrested comrades, this is done when there are opponents that lie ahead.

c. Overhead Pass is a pass made from the top of the head, the direction of the ball soared over the head of the opponent and usually pass is done far ahead.

d. Baseball Pass is a pass straight from the side of the body like baseball throw, pass is done with one hand and the strong force.

e. Under Pass (operands below) is made from the bottom operand (waist), the direction of the ball straight toward friends and performed at close range.

f. Hook Pass is a pass with one hand connection that started from waist height and then gestures such as hook or curved upward.

3. Shooting (shooting) Shooting a basketball is to enter into the ring opponent, in order to get the numbers / point. There are an assortment of shooting:

- Shooting stay put (set shoot) with one hand.
- Shooting stay in place with two hands.
- Shooting, jumping (jump shoot)
- Shooting begins with the movement of running, step, and jump (Lay-up)

4. Pivot Pivot is a circular motion with pivot one foot, both hands holding the ball in order to avoid the attack of the opponent yag would steal the ball. Pivot can be done in two ways, namely a circular motion forward and backward spinning motion.

5. Ribound Ribound is melompaat motion for tattooing or catch a ball that bounces off reflective board. Ribound done by jumping as high in front of the board bounce back and capture and insert the ball into the basket. Fields Basketball Game
  Description:

- The length of the field 26 meters
- The width of the field 14 yards
- Lingaran pitch diameter 3.6 meters
- 2.90 meters Height Basketball ring
- 0.45 meter diameter basket
- Board size 1.80 x 1.20 meter reflective