Sabtu, 08 Desember 2012

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Majapahit kings
Kertajasa Jawardhana (1293 - 1309)
Is the founder of the Majapahit kingdom, during his reign, Raden Wijaya aided by those who participated instrumental in pioneering the establishment of the kingdom of Majapahit, Aryawiraraja very great merit was given dominion over the area covering the eastern Lumajang, Blambangan. Raden Wijaya ruled with a very kind and thoughtful. The composition of government not unlike the arrangement Singasari Kingdom government.

King Jayanegara (1309-1328)
Kala Gemet ascended the throne of his father with his Sri Jayanegara. In The pemerintahannnya marked by rebellion. For example, uprising Ranggalawe 1231 saka, saka 1233 uprising Sora Calf, the rebellion Savior demung 1235 saka, saka 1236 Blue Elephant revolt, rebellion Nambi, Lasem, Semi, Kuti with Bandaderga events. Kuti rebellion is a dangerous rebellion, almost undermining the kingdom of Majapahit. But all of that can be overcome. King Jayanegara killed by own tabibnya named Tanca. Tanca eventually assassinated by Gajah Mada anyway.

Tribuwana Tunggadewi (1328 - 1350)
Jayanegara king died without leaving a putrapun, therefore, should be the king is Gayatri, but because he had become a monk then succeeded by his daughter with a degree Tribuwana Bhre Kahuripan Tunggadewi, assisted by her husband named Kartawardhana. In 1331 rebellion raised by local Sadeng and Keta (Besuki). The revolt was crushed by Gajah Mada who at the time was Patih Daha. For his services Gajah Mada was appointed as replacing Pu Mahapatih Majapahit Empire Dragon. Gajah Mada then tried to show his loyalty, he aspired to unite the archipelago, assisted by the MPU Nala and Adityawarman. In 1339, Gajah Mada swore not to eat before the archipelago united Palapa. Oath known as Palapa Oath, while the contents of amukti palapa is as follows: "Seagrass luwas lost archipelago isum amakti palapa, seagrass lost ring desert, Scary ring, ring Sunda, Palembang ring, ring Tumasik, samana amukti palapa sun". Then Gajah Mada undertake conquests.

Hayam Wuruk
Hayam Wuruk ascended the throne at a very young age that is 16 years old and hold Rajasanegara. In the reign of Hayam Wuruk Mahapatih accompanied by Gajah Mada, Majapahit reached golden. From the Book Negerakertagama can be seen that the area of
​​power during the reign of Hayam Wuruk, almost as wide as the Indonesian territory that now, even the influence of the Majapahit kingdom to tettangga countries. The only area that is not subject to the powers of the Sunda kingdom of Majapahit was at that time under the rule of Maharaja Sri baduga. Hayam Wuruk intends taking Sundanese princess to be his queen. After the daughter of Sunda (Diah Pitaloka) and his father Maharaja Sri Baduga with the authorities of Sunda is Bubat, Gajah Mada deceit, Gajah Mada would not Hayam Wuruk marriage with the daughter of Sunda carried away. He wants daughter's Sunda to Majapahit presented (as a tribute). Then there was disagreement and ultimately Bubat war. Many casualties on both sides, Sri Baduga fall, Sunda daughter committed suicide.

Gajah Mada died in 1364, the Majapahit Empire lost a Mahapatih unparalleled. To select a replacement is not an easy job. Saptaprabu Council which has several times held a hearing to choose a successor to Gajah Mada eventually decided that his prime minister Gajah Mada Hamungkubhumi not be changed "to fill the gap in the implementation of government appointed Tandi sebagais Wridhamantri MPU, MPU Nala as minister and governor Amancanegara dami as Yuamentri. King Hayam Wuruk died in 1389.

Wikramawardhana
Kusumawardhani crown princess who ascended the throne of his father married Wikramawardhana. In practice Wikramawardhanalah who run the government. While Bhre Wirabhumi Hayam Wuruk children of concubines, as Bhre Wirabhumi (daughter Hayam Wuruk) of concubines he is not entitled to occupy the throne however he was given the power to rule in Eastern Majapahit, namely the Blambangan. Wikramawardhana power struggle between the so-called war Paregreg Bhre Wirabhumi.

Wikramawardhana died in 1429, the government of kings next row is Suhita, Kertawijaya, Rajasa Ward, Purwawisesa and UB V, which does not escape marked the seizure of power.

Historical Sources
Sources on the history and development of the Majapahit kingdom stand came from a variety of sources such as:

Inscription Butok (1244 years). This inscription was issued by Raden Wijaya after he succeeded to the throne of the kingdom. This inscription contains Singasari empire collapse events and the struggle to establish the kingdom of Raden Wijaya

Flag Song and Song Harsawijaya Wijayakrama, the second song tells Raden Wijaya when facing an enemy of Kediri and early years development Majapahit

Pararaton book, tells of kings reign and Majapahit Singasari

Book Negarakertagama, tells about the journey Rajam Hayam Wuruk to East Java.

Political life
Majapahit always run good neighbor policy with foreign kingdoms, such as the Kingdom of China, Ayodya (Siam), Champa and Cambodia. It was evident around the year 1370 - 1381, Majapahit had several times sent envoys to China friendship. It is known from Chinese chronicles news from the Ming Dynasty.

King of Majapahit kingdom as well as an accomplished statesman politicians reliable. This is evidenced by Raden Wiajaya, Hayam Wuruk, and Maha Patih Gajahmada in an effort to realize a great empire, strong and authoritative. The structure of government in the administrative center of Majapahit:

1. King
2. Yuaraja or Kumaraja (Viceroy)
3. Rakryan Mahamantri Katrini

a. Mahamantri i-hino
b. Mahamantri i-upstream
c. Mahamantri i-sirikan

4. Rakryan Mahamantri ri Pakirakiran

a. Rakryan Mahapatih (Commander / Hamangkubhumi)
b. Rakryan Hero (commander of the Kingdom)
c. Rakryan demung (Regulatory Royal Household)
d. Rakryan Kemuruhan (liaison and protocol duties) and
e. Rakryan Rangga (Assistant Chief)

5. Dharmadyaka occupied by two people, each dharmadyaka assisted by a number of religious officials called Upapat. At the time there were 7 Upapati Hayam Wuruk.

In addition to officials under the kings mentioned there are a number of local kings (majesty bharata) each ruled an area. Besides the local kings unisex civilian officials and military. From the composition of government we can see that the system of government and politics work Majapahit was very organized.

Socio-Economic and Cultural Life
Relationships forged friendships with other countries: it is very supportive in the economy (shipping and trading). Majapahit empire consists of islands and island areas that produce a variety of sources of merchandise.

Marketed merchandise such as rice, pepper, ivory, tin, iron, diamonds, fish, cloves, nutmeg, sandalwood and cotton.

In the world of trading, the Majapahit kingdom holds two very important roles.
As the empire Manufacturers - Majapahit has a vast territory with a very fertile soil conditions. With the fertile regions of the Majapahit kingdom is the manufacturer of the merchandise.

As Intermediary kingdom - the kingdom of Majapahit brought crops from one area to another area. The state of organized society support the creation of cultural works of quality. evidence of cultural development in the kingdom of Majapahit can be known through the relics of the following:

Candi: Upgrading Among other temples (Blitar), temple and temple Tegalwangi Rat (Trowulan).

Literature: The literature of the Majapahit era can we distinguish a
Literature Majapahit Period Beginning

    Book Negarakertagama, essays mpu Prapanca
    Book Sutasoma, essays MPU Tantular
    Book Arjunawiwaha, essays MPU Tantular
    Book Kunjarakarna
    Book Parhayajna

Literature Majapahit Period End

    The results of the end of Majapahit era literature written in Central Java, some of which are written in the form of songs (songs) and is written in the form of prose (prose). The results of the most important literature include:
    Book Prapanca, it tells of kings and Majapahit Singasari
    Book Sundayana, the contents of the event Bubat
    Book Sarandaka, the contents of the rebellion sora
    Book Ranggalawe, the contents of the rebellion Ranggalawe
    Panjiwijayakrama, it describes the history of Raden Wijaya to be king
    Book Usana Jawa, it was about the conquest of the island of Bali by Gajah Mada and Aryadamar, Majapahit palace to Gelgel removal and crushing demon king named Maya Denawa.
    Book of Usana Bali, it tentanng chaos on the island of Bali.

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