Fisika

Understanding CAPACITORS

Electronics components this time we will discuss is kapasitor.Selain capacitor's name was condensator.Komponen like resistors are also included in the group of passive components, the type of components that work without the need for bias current.
The types of capacitors are various, such as below.

* According to the Polarity
- Capacitors Polar
Polarity (+) and (-).
Polarity in the installation must be considered and should not be installed upside down. In a sign bodynya polarity to the polarity mark foot (+) or (-).
- Non Polar Capacitor (Capacitor Bipolar)
This capacitor type can be mounted back and forth.


* According to the Material Pembuatannya
The capacitor is basically two pieces of metal plate (dielectric) separated by a material Isulator. Well, here's the clincher material Isulator capacitor name.
According to the materials of manufacture jenis2 capacitor is:
- Electrolytic Capacitors → isulatornya made from electrolytic
- Capacitors Mika → isulatornya material made from mica
- Capacitors Air → isulatornya material made from the air.
- Paper Capacitors, Tantalum, mylar, etc..

* According to the assessment value is
- Capacitors Fixed / Permanent
Capacity value can not be changed.
- Variable Capacitors sometimes called VC or Varco (variable capacitor)
Capacitors of this type we can change the value to change.

The function of a capacitor is to store the current / voltage. For current DC capacitors serve as Isulator / retaining an electrical current, while AC current function as a conductor / passing an electric current.
In application is used as a filter capacitor / filter, rectifier voltage DC to AC to DC converters, ac wave generator or oscillator etc..

Capacitor value can be seen in the writings found on her body, for example, 10 uF/16 V means that the capacitor value is 10 micro Farad and can operate at maximum voltage of 16 V, if it exceeds 16 V, the capacitor will experience 'break down' aka ko'it :-).
Farad is the unit value of the capacity of the capacitor.
1 uF → 1 micro Farad = 1 x 10 ^ (-6) = 0.000001 Farad Farad
1 nF → 1 nano farad = 1 x 10 ^ (-9) Farad
1 pF pico Farad → 1 = 1 x 10 ^ (-12) Farad

# Code Number In Capacitors
For capacitors rated capacity below 1 uF capacity value normally written in code numbers.
Example:
1. 104 → 10 x 10 ^ 4 (in units of pico Farad) = 100000 pF or 100 nF or 0.1 uF
2. 222 → 22 x 10 to the power 2 (pF) = 2200 pF or 2.2 nF
* How are we rewrite the first two numbers, then we multiply by 10 to the last digit.
3. 4N7 → 4.7 nano farad
4. 2P5 → 05.02 pico Farad

Capacitors are uF value below 1 is generally non-polar type, except for the type of electrolyte.

IniDalam image below schematics capacitor is a capacitor electronics symbols are as under iniYang no sign (+) and (-) is a symbol of the non-polar capacitor while the (+) and (-) is a non-polar capacitor symbol.
CAPACITOR (Condenser)
Capacitors (capacitors) that the electronic circuit is denoted with the letter "C" is a device that can store energy / electric charge in an electric field, by collecting internal imbalance of electric charge. Capacitors discovered by Michael Faraday (1791-1867). Unit called the Farad capacitor (F). One farad = 9 x 1011 cm2, which means the surface area of ​​the strip.
The structure of a capacitor is made of two pieces of metal plates separated by a dielectric material. Dielectric materials are commonly known as air vacuum, ceramics, glass and others. If both ends of the metal plate was given voltage, the positive charges will accumulate on one leg (electrode) metal and at the same time the negative charges accumulated on the other end of the metal. The positive charge can not flow toward the negative pole and the opposite end of the negative charge can not go to the end of the positive pole, being separated by a dielectric material that is non-conductive. Electric charge is stored for no conduction at the ends of the legs. In the wild, these capacitors phenomenon occurs when the accumulation of positive charges and negative in the cloud.

1.1. Capacitance
Capacitance is defined as the ability of a capacitor to hold the charge of electrons. Coulombs in the 18th century calculate that 1 coulomb = 6.25 x 1018 electrons. Then Michael Faraday made postulate that a capacitor will have a capacitance of 1 farad when a voltage of 1 volt can contain as much as 1 coulombs electron charge. With the formula can be written:
Q = C V
Q = the electron charge in C (coulombs)
C = capacitance in F (farad)
V = the voltage in V (volts)
In practice the manufacture of capacitors, capacitance is calculated by knowing the area of ​​the metal plate (A), distance (t) between the two metal plates (dielectric thickness) and constant (k) dielectric materials. With the formula can be written as follows:
C = (8.85 x 10-12) (k A / t)
Here is a sample table constants (k) of some dielectric materials is simplified.

For practical electronic circuits, unit farad is a very large one. Generally capacitors on the market has units: μF, nF and pF.
1 Farad = 1,000,000 μF (micro Farad)
1 μF = 1,000,000 pF (pico Farad)
1 μF = 1.000 nF (nano Farad)
1 nF = 1000 pF (pico Farad)
1 pF = 1.000 μμF (micro-micro-Farad)
1 μF = 10-6 F
1 nF = 10-9 F
1 pF = 10-12 F
Conversion unit for ease of reading is important to know the amount of a capacitor. 0.047μF example can also be read as 47nF, or another example of the same 0.1nF 100pF.
Identified condenser has two legs and two poles is positive and negative and has a liquid electrolyte and usually tubular.

While most of the other types of rated capacity is lower, does not have a positive or negative pole on her feet, mostly in the form of flat round brown, red, green and other such tablets or buttons often called capacitors (capacitor).

2.2 The nature and kind of capacitor
Based on usefulness condenser is divided into:
1. Fixed capacitors (rated capacity can not be changed)
2. Electrolytic Capacitor (Condenser electrolit = Elco)
3. Variable capacitor (rated capacity can be changed)
In a large capacitor, the capacitance value is generally written by the sheer numbers. Complete with a maximum voltage value and polarity. For example, the elco capacitor capacitance was clearly written by 100μF25v which means the capacitor / capacitor has a capacitance of 100 μF value by the maximum allowable working voltage of 25 volts.
Capacitors are small physical size is usually only read 2 (two) or 3 (three) numbers only. If there are only two numbers, unit is pF (pico farads). For example, a capacitor that reads two numbers 47, the capacitor capacitance is 47 pF. If there are 3 digits, the first and second shows the nominal value, while the 3rd digit is the multiplier. Multiplying factor according to the nominal rate, respectively 1 = 10, 2 = 100, 3 = 1000, 4 = 10000, 5 = 100000, and so on.
Example:

For polyester capacitors capacitance value can be known by the color as in the resistor.